Penggunaan ASEAN Way dalam Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan: Sebuah Catatan Keberhasilan?

Arief Bakhtiar Darmawan, Hestutomo Restu Kuncoro
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.8.1.43-61.2019

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Sampai saat ini, prinsip-prinsip dalam ASEAN Way selalu mendapatkan tantangan dalam menghadapi dinamika kawasan Asia Tenggara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengamati upaya-upaya ASEAN dalam menangani penyelesaian sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan bagaimana ASEAN Way memengaruhi upaya-upaya tersebut. Untuk menjawab rumusan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang mengandalkan literatur-literatur akademis mengenai LTS dan dokumen-dokumen resmi ASEAN untuk memahami, menginterpretasikan, serta menyusun hasil penelitian dari fenomena sengketa LTS. Argumen penulisan dalam artikel ini adalah bahwa ASEAN merupakan organisasi kawasan yang aktif dalam penyelesaian sengketa LTS dengan berpedoman pada prinsip dan norma dalam ASEAN Way. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap data dan pembahasan, ASEAN Way merupakan pendorong yang positif dalam konteks fungsi dialog dan konsultasi damai dan bukan sebagai solusi untuk penyelesaian sengketa LTS. ASEAN berhasil menjadi sentral dalam upaya penyelesaian damai yang juga melibatkan negara-negara besar luar kawasan. Untuk menjadi sebuah solusi nyata, ASEAN Way masih memiliki tantangan karena seringkali menjadi alat Tiongkok agar ASEAN tidak melakukan intervensi atau pemaksaan kebijakan suatu negara terkait penyelesaian konflik LTS. Oleh karena itu, kolektivitas ASEAN dalam menghadapi isu LTS merupakan langkah ke depan yang perlu untuk segera diwujudkan.

Kata kunci: ASEAN Way, Asia Tenggara, konstruktivisme, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, sengketa

 

ABSTRACT

Up to this point, principles in ASEAN Way have been challenged by the regional dynamics of Southeast Asia. This article seeks to observe ASEAN's efforts in handling the resolution of the South China Sea (SCS) dispute and how the principles of ASEAN Way affect those efforts. To do so, the writers use a qualitative method which relies on academic literature regarding SCS and ASEAN's official documents to comprehend, interpret, and to formulate the result of the research. This article argues that ASEAN as a regional organization has been taking an active role in SCS dispute resolution using the principles and norms of ASEAN Way. Based on the analysis, ASEAN Way is a positive drive to dialogues and peaceful consultations but not in itself a solution to end the dispute. The Way had allowed ASEAN to become central in the peaceful resolution efforts involving major powers from beyond the region. ASEAN Way, however, has its back draws one of which was being used by China to prevent ASEAN's intervention in or to dictate policy regarding the SCS dispute. Therefore, ASEAN collectivity in handling the SCS dispute should be the next step forward. 

Keywords: ASEAN Way, contructivism, disputes, South China Sea, Southeast Asia

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References

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