Gerakan Hak-Hak Disabilitas di Bali: Analisis Fenomenologi dalam Penyebaran Norma Internasional Hak-Hak Disabilitas

I Made Anom Wiranata

Abstract

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) ratified by Indonesia in 2011, presents the perspective of the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities. The process of internalizing disability rights norms at the domestic level does not occur linearly, but through the struggles of  the disability rights activists in their respective regions. Taking place in Bali, this study investigates the motivations and causes of the involvement of disability rights actors in disseminating disability rights norms. By using a transnationalism theory and phenomenological methods, this study finds that the spread of international norms on disability rights in Bali occurred as a social movement that had grown before the ratification of the CRPD. There is an open interaction between local, national and international actors. The self-struggle against discrimination and the interaction of movement actors in Bali with international volunteers who have a cosmopolitan consciousness, gave birth to the movement agency. CRPD provides an opportunity and direction for movement actors to advocate local regulations for the fulfillment of disability rights. In their social environment, they build awareness to the persons with disabilities and their families, as well as showed the wider community that persons with disabilities have the competence to be independent.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aucante, Yohann, and Pierre-Yves Baudot. “Introduction: Implementing Disability Rights in National Contexts: Norms, Diffusion, and Conflicts.” Social Policy and Society 17, no. 1 (2018): 87–100.

Barbalet, J. M. Citizenship : Rights, Struggle, and Class Inequality. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

Bezmez, Dikmen, and Sibel Yardımcı. “In Search of Disability Rights: Citizenship and Turkish Disability Organizations,” Disability & Society. 25, no. 5 (2010): 603–615.

Delanty, Gerard, “Introduction: The Field of Cosmopolitan Studies.” In Routledge International Book of Cosmopolitan Studies, edited by Gerard Delanty, 1-8. New York: Routledge, 2019.

Dunn, Kevin C., and Iver B. Neuman. Undertaking Discourse Analysis for Social Research. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2016.

Fairclough, Norman. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992.

Fine, Robert. “The Idea of Cosmopolitan Solidarity.” In Routledge International Book of Cosmopolitan Studies, edited by Gerard Delanty, 362-371. New York: Routledge, 2019.

Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization. 52, no. 4 (1998): 891–895.

Giddens, Anthony. The Nation-State and Violence. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985.

Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo, and Michael Peter Smith. “The Approach of Transnational Social Spaces: Responding to New Configurations of the Social and the Spatial.” In Transnationalism from Below, edited by Ludger Pries, 1-34. New York: Routledge, 2017.

Laverty, Susann M. “Hermeneutic Phenomenology and Phenomenology: A Comparison of Historical and Methodological Considerations.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 2, no.3 (2003): 1–29.

Ludger Pries, “The Approach of Transnational Social Spaces: Responding to New Configurations of the Social and the Spatial.” In New Transnational Social Spaces, edited by Ludger Pries, 3-36. New York: Routledge, 2001.

Makkasau, A. “Gerakan Sosial Penyandang Disabilitas Di Kota Makassar.” Skripsi. UIN Alauddin Makassar, 2020.

McAdam, Doug. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Parameswara, Ananda Vita. “Pemenuhan Hak Politik Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas (Studi Kasus Gerakan Untuk Kesejahteraan Tuna Rungu Indonesia di Kota Palembang.” Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, 2019.

Prastiwi, Rani. “Pergerakan Dan Perjuangan Difabel Di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul: Studi Kasus Forum Komunikasi Disabilitas Gunung Kidul.” Skripsi. Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2019.

Puspadi. “Sejarah,” Diakses tanggal 21 Juli 2022. http://www.puspadibali.org/id/tentang-kami/sejarah.

Sadewo, Wisnu. “SIGAB: Panji Perjuangan Difabel di Yogyakarta.” Skripsi. Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2015.

Salim, Ishaq. “Perspektif Disabilitas dalam Pemilu 2014 dan Kontribusi Gerakan Difabel Indonesia bagi Terbangunnya Pemilu Inklusif di Indonesia.” The Politics: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Politik. 1, no. 2 (2014): 127-156.

Scott, James C. Weapons of the Weak. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1985.

Scott, James C. “Everyday Forms of Resistance.” Copenhagen Papers. 4 (1989): 33–62.

Sheperd, Laura. Gender, Violence and Security. London: Zed Books, 2008.

Smith, David Woodruff. Husserl. London and New York: Routledge, 2013.

Staggenborg, Susan. “Can Feminist Organizations be Effective?.” In Feminist Organizations: Harvest of the New Women’s Movement, edited by Myra Marx Ferree, and Patricia Yancey Martin, 339-355. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995.

Swingel, Sussane. “How Do Norms Travel? Theorizing International Women’s Rights in Transnational Perspective.” International Studies Quarterly. 56, (2012): 118.

Taylor, Verta. “Sources of Continuity in Social Movements: The Women’s Movement in Abeyance.” American Sociological Review. 54, (1989): 761–775.

Vanhala, Lisa. “The Diffusion of Disability Rights in Europe.” Human Rights Quarterly 37, (2015): 832-835.

van Manen, Max. Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. New York: State University of New York Press, 1990.

WHO. “Disability,” Diakses tanggal 8 Juli 2023.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health.

YKIP. “Donor’s Story: Inspirasia Foundation,” Diakses tanggal 20 Juli 2022. https://ykip.org/uncategorized/donors-story-inspirasia-foundation.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.