East China Sea Dispute: Paving Japan’s Way to be a Stronger Nations
Abstract
Dispute over East China Sea between two big countries in East Asia, namely China and Japan is not something new. This dispute existed since 1968 which based on historical and territorial issue. However, China and Japan dispute over this area is never been dangerous as it is now: they both use military. Both of them have tried to make an agreement over this issue; yet, it never succeeded. Thus, Japanese policymakers now think about their border. As a result, they change their defence policy to be more aggressive. This is to say, there is a change in Japan’s Self-Defence Force as well as Japan’s security policy. This move may seem as abandonement of Article 9 Showa Constitution that prohibit them to have military, and has been Japanese base in their defence policy. However, Japan Prime Minister think that this bold move is needed in addition to their stronger relationship with the US.
Keywords: Japan, China, East China Sea dispute, defence policy
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Koichi, Kishimoto, Politics in Modern Japan: Development and Organization (3rd edition), Tokyo, July 1988.
Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Japan’s Defence and Security in the 1990’s, Australia, June 1993.
Stockwin, J. A. A., Governing Japan: Divided Politics in a Resurgent Economy (fourth edition), UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
Article:
Anonymous, ‘Why These Anti-Japanese Protests are Different’, The Lowy Institute, September 2012, http://www.thelowyinstitute.org, consulted 5 May 2013.
Berkofsky, Axel, ‘Dissecting Japan’s New Defence Guidelines’, Geopolitical Monitor Intelligence Website, 16 February 2011, http://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/dissecting-japans-new-defense-guidelines-4294/, consulted 21 June 2013.
Berkofsky, Axel, ‘Japanese Defence Policy – Stepping It Up Or Status Quo?’, International Relations and Security Network (ISN) Website, 22 November 2010, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Detail/?ots591=4888caa0-b3db-1461-98b9-e20e7b9c13d4&lng=en&id=124213, consulted 21 June 2013.
Berkofsky, Axel, ‘Japan’s Defence and Security Policies: What’s Old, What’s New, What’s Ahead’, Konrad-Adenauer-Shiftung (KAS) Website, February 2012, www.kas.de/japan, consulted 5 May 2013.
Boyd, J. Patrick, ‘The Perils of legislating Abe’s Collective Self-Defence’, East Asia Forum, 19 March 2015.
Dickie, Mure, ‘Japan to Shift Military Towards China Thread’, Financial Times Website, 13 December 2010, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cac4bfec-05d7-11e0-976b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2WphDA98w, consulted 21 June 2013.
Hiroshi, Nakanishi, ‘Priorities for Japan’s Defence Policy’, Nippon Communication Foundations, 12 March 2013, http://www.nippon.com/en/currents/d00071/, consulted 21 June 2013.
Kent E., Calder, ‘China and Japan’s Shimmering Rivalry’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 85 no. 2, 2006, p. 129.
Kotani, Tetsuo,‘The Senkaku Islands and the US-Japan Alliance: Future Implications for the Asia-Pacific’, 2049 Project Institute,
Kotani Futuregram 13-002.
Pempel, T.J., ‘Why Japan’s Collective Self-Defence is so Politicised’, East Asia Forum, 1 September 2014.
Smith, Sheila A., ‘Japan’s ‘Dynamic Defence’ Policy and China’, 17 December 2010, Council on Foreign Relations Website, http://www.cfr.org/japan/japans-dynamic-defense-policy-china/p23663, consulted 21 June 2013.
Takenaka, Kiyoshi and Perry, Michael, ‘Japan to Revise Defence Policy by the End 2013: Paper’, Reuters Website, 7 January 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/08/us-japan-defence-idUSBRE90701K20130108, consulted 21 May 2013.
Tatsumi, Yuki, ‘National Defence Program Outline: A New Security Policy Guideline or a Mere Wish List?’, Japan Watch, 20 December 2004.
Toki, Masako, ‘Japan’s Defence Guidelines: New Conventional Strategy, Same Old Nuclear Dilemma’, NTI Website, 1 March 2011, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/japans-defense-guidelines/, consulted 5 June 2013.
Journals:
Anonymous, ‘Dispute Deepens Between China, Japan Over East China Sea’, Energy Intelligence Group, 21 September 2005, http://search.proquest.com/docview/199232460?accountid=10910, consulted 11 April 2013.
Atanassova-Cornelis, Elena, ‘The Political and Security Dimension of Japan-China Relations: Strategic Mistrust and Fragile Stability’, Pacific Focus: Inha Journal of International Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, August 2011, pp. 165-187.
Fouse, David, ‘Japan’s 2010 National Defence Program Guidelines: Coping with the “Grey Zones”, Asia-Pacific Centre for Security Studies, April 2011.
Harrison, Selig S., ‘Quite Struggle in the East China Sea’, Current History, vol. 101, no. 65, September 2002, pp. 271-277.
Medcalf, Rory and Heinrichs, Raoul with Jones, Justin, ‘Crisis and Confidence: Major Powers and Maritime Security in Indo-Pacific Asia’, Lowy Institute for International Policy, Australia: Longueville Media, June 2011.
Metraux, Daniel A., ‘The Senkaku Islands Dispute between China and Japan’, Southeast Review of Asian Studies (SERAS), vol. 35, 2013.
Osti, Donatello, ‘The Historical Background to the Territorial Dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands’, Analysis, No. 183, June 2013, pp. 1-9.
The Tokyo Foundation, ‘Policy Proposal – Japan Strategy Towards China: Integration, Balancing and Deterrence in the Era of Power Shift’, The Tokyo Foundation, October 2011.
Varma, Lalima, ‘Japan-China Relations: Problems and Prospects in the 21st Century’, China Report, vol. 29, no. 4, 1993, pp. 437-454.
News:
ABC, ‘China Says It Has Every Right to Drill in East China Sea Close to Waters Disputed with Japan’, ABC Website, 25 July 2015, www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-25/two-chinese-built-platforms-in-the-east-china-sea/6647650, conducted on 2 September 2015.
BBC, ‘Japan’s Lower House Approves Change to Self-Defence law’, BBC Website, 16 July 2015, http://bbc.com, consulted on 2 September 2015.
BBC, ‘Japan Self-Defence Laws Reform Backed by Cabinet’, BBC Website, 14 May 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32735359, consulted on 2 September 2015.
BBC, ‘Protest as Japan Paves Way for Self-Defence Law Change’, BBC Website, 15 July 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33532557, consulted on2 September 2015.
Blanchard, Ben, ‘China calls on Japan to End Jet Scrambles’, Reuters Website, 30 October 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/30/us-china-japan-idUSKBN0IJ0SN20141030, consulted on 2 September 2015.
Kallender-Umezu, Paul, ‘Japan Plans More Aggressive Defense’, Defense News Website, 26 May 2013, http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130526/DEFREG03/305260004/Japan-Plans-More-Aggressive-Defense, consulted 21 June 2013.
Kaneko, Kaori, ‘Japan Shrine Visits, Isles Row Stir East Asia tensions’, Reuters Website, 23 April 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/23/us-japan-china-idUSBRE93M19I20130423, consulted 13 May 2013.
Kleine-Ahlbrandt, Stephanie, ‘A Dangerous Escalation in the East China Sea; China and Japan Must Act Now to Prevent a Worsening Territorial Dispute from Ending in Armed Conflict’, Wall Street Journal (Online), 4 January 2013, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1266438111?accountid=10910, consulted 9 May 2013.
Martina, Michael, ‘China, Japan Engage in New Incentive Over Disputed Isles’, Reuters Website, 8 February 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/08/us-china-japan-idUSBRE91704220130208, consulted 13 May 2013.
Martina, Michael, Standing, Jonathan, and Popeski, Ron, ‘Japan Envoy Says Territory Disputes with China Can Be Resolved’, Reuters Website, 25 January 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/25/us-china-japan, consulted 13 May 2013.
McCurry, Justin and Branigan, Tania, ‘Obama Says US will Defend Japan in Island Dispute with China’, The Guardian Website, 24 April 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/24/obama-in-japan-backs-status-quo-in-island-dispute-with-china, consulted on 2 September 2015.
Rajagopalan, Megha, ‘China Conducts Air, Sea Drills in East China Sea’, Reuters Website, 27 August 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/27/us-china-defence-idUSKCN0QW1EX20150827, consulted on 2 September 2015.
Smith, Sheila A., ‘A Sino-Japanese Clash in the East China Sea’, Council on Foreign Relations, April 2013, http://www.cfr.org/eastasia/a-sino-japanese-clash-in-the-east-china-sea/, consulted 21 June 2013.
Matt Spetalnick, ‘Kerry Renews US Pledge to Japan Security, including East China Sea Islets’, Reuters Website, 28 April 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/28/us-usa-japan-defense-kerry-idUSKBN0NI1SI20150428, consulted on 2 September 2015.
Takenaka, Kiyoshi and Birsel, Robert, ‘Japan’s ex-PM Koizumi Urges Abe to Abandon Nuclear Power’, Reuters Website, 12 November 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/12/us-japan-nuclear-koizumi-idUSBRE9AB0HK20131112, consulted 3 December 2013
Others:
Anonymous, ‘Timeline: China Japan Island Dispute’, Australia Network News – ABC News, 19 August 2012, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-19/an-japan-china-timeline/4208770, consulted 21 June 2013.
Ministry of Defence, ‘Japan’s Annual White Paper 2011’, Japan’s Ministry of Defence Website, 2011, www.mod.go.jp/e/publ/w_paper/pdf/2011/, consulted 5 June 2013.
The Tokyo Foundation, ‘Japan’s Security: 10 Proposal for the Hatoyama Administration’, The Tokyo Foundation Website, October 2009, http://www.tokyofoundation.org/en/
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.